“An Uncounted City,” Seattle Post-Intelligencer (Seattle, Washington), 13 July 1890, p. 8, col. 1; image, Newspapers.com (newspapers.com/image/332700578/ : accessed 30 January 2026).

“Census of Veterans,” The Indianapolis Journal (Indianapolis, Indiana), 2 June 1890, p. 8, col. 5; image, Newspapers.com (newspapers.com/image/321727826/ : accessed 30 January 2026).

“Runaway or Kidnapped!,” The Daily Delta (New Orleans, Louisiana), p. 1, col. 7; image, Newspapers.com (newspapers.com/image/261334965/ : accessed 30 January 2026).

African American slave families owned by Mrs. Barnwell, 1860–65; images, Library of Congress (loc.gov/item/2010651604/ : accessed 30 January 2026).